Recognition of 'Defense Cost Sharing' through Big Data

Sharing Big Data

Macromolecular Big Data provide numerous challenges and a number of initiatives that are starting to overcome these issues are discussed.

Cost-Sharing Rates Increase During Deep Recession: Preliminary Data From Greece

Background Measures taken over the past four years in Greece to reduce pharmaceutical expenditure have led to significant price reductions for medicines, but have also changed patient cost-sharing rates for prescription drugs. This study attempts to capture the resulting increase in patients’ out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses for prescription drugs during the 2011-2014 period.   Methods The authors ...

BIG BANG – BIG CRUNCH ALGORITHM FOR LEAST-COST DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

The Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB–BC) method is a relatively new meta-heuristic algorithm which inspired by one of the theories of the evolution of universe. In the BB–BC optimization algorithm, firstly random points are produced in the Big Bang phase then these points are shrunk to a single representative point via a center of mass or minimal cost approach in the Big Crunch phase. In this paper, the...

Sharing Environmental Data through GEOSS

Understanding the complexity of earth-system processes is crucial to convey improved information on the environment to decision-makers and the general public. Addressing this need by sharing environmental data is challenging because it requires a common agreed framework that allows easy and seamless integration of data from different sources. In this regard, the Global Earth Observation System ...

Strengthening Research through Data Sharing.